Postbiotics as Emerging Modulators of Gut Microbiota: Health Implications
Postbiotics, non-viable microbial products, are gaining attention for their potential to modulate gut microbiota and confer health benefits. Unlike probiotics, postbiotics do not contain live bacteria, reducing the risk of infection and making them suitable for immunocompromised individuals. They include substances like short-chain fatty acids, enzymes, and peptides, which can enhance gut health, support immune function, and offer therapeutic benefits in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and metabolic syndrome. The review highlights the need for standardized definitions and regulatory frameworks to facilitate the development and commercialization of postbiotics. 
