Global Heat Stress: Rising Risks and Health Impacts
Heat stress is increasingly recognized as a major environmental and occupational health hazard, exacerbated by climate change. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), heat-related mortality among individuals over 65 years of age rose by approximately 85% between 2000–2004 and 2017–2021. Vulnerable populations, including the elderly, outdoor workers, and those in low-quality housing, face heightened risks during heatwaves. Prolonged exposure to extreme heat can lead to heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and worsen chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory illnesses. Cities are particularly affected due to urban heat accumulation, loss of greenspace, and inadequate housing materials. WHO emphasizes that the health impacts of heat are predictable and preventable through public health interventions and climate action. 
