Pakistan's Petroleum Deregulation Faces Challenges Amid Global Market Volatility
Pakistan has been moving towards greater deregulation of its petroleum sector, aiming to improve market efficiency and attract investment. However, the country remains heavily dependent on imported petroleum, making it vulnerable to global oil market fluctuations. The COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts, such as the Russia-Ukraine war, have caused significant volatility in oil prices, impacting Pakistan's economy. The government has adopted market-based pricing mechanisms and reduced fuel subsidies to improve fiscal discipline, but this exposes consumers to international price swings. The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) now calculates ex-refinery prices based on global oil prices, exchange rates, and taxes, with the federal government announcing retail prices after adjustments.