Environmental Pollutants in Dairy: Risks and Regulatory Challenges
Environmental pollutants such as dioxins, PCBs, and heavy metals are entering the dairy supply chain through soil, water, and feed, posing significant health risks. These pollutants are persistent in ecosystems and accumulate in milk fat over time. The presence of these toxins in milk raises concerns about long-term health effects, including endocrine disruption and immune system impacts. Regulatory bodies have set strict limits on these contaminants, but the complexity of their sources, including industrial runoff and historical use, complicates monitoring and mitigation efforts. Additionally, veterinary drugs and antibiotic residues in milk, resulting from therapeutic and preventive use in cattle, pose risks of allergic reactions and antibiotic resistance if not properly managed. 
