Extrachromosomal DNA Identified as Key Driver in Cancer Evolution
Recent studies have highlighted the role of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in cancer evolution, particularly in advanced or recurrent tumors. EcDNA, which lacks centromeres, is found in 15% to 20% of tumors and is associated with chromosomal instability. This DNA form supports cancer cell plasticity and adaptation to therapeutic challenges, contributing to poor clinical outcomes. The origins and mechanisms of ecDNA formation have been elusive, but new research has begun to uncover its initiation, inheritance, and oncogenic activity. These findings reposition ecDNA from a passive by-product to an active driver of cancer evolution, suggesting it as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.