Scientists Discover Ancient Peptide with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties Using AI
Scientists have utilized artificial intelligence (AI) and an evolutionary approach to uncover an ancient version of the protein lactoferrin, found in tears and breast milk, that possesses enhanced antibacterial properties. This protein, which emerged 160 million years ago, evolved from an ancestral gene called transferrin. Researchers, including Matthew F. Barber, PhD, associate professor of biology at the University of Oregon, reconstructed amino acid sequences from early lactoferrin and used AI program AlphaFold to predict structural evolution. They identified a highly positive charge on the surface of lactoferrin's ancestors, indicating its antibacterial function evolved after separating from transferrin. Notably, a specific amino acid substitution (arginine instead of glutamine) in non-human great apes' lactoferricin, a peptide derived from lactoferrin, significantly improved its antimicrobial activity against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. By engineering this substitution into human lactoferrici...