Mandarin Term 'Involution' Captures Global Burnout Phenomenon
The Mandarin Chinese term 'neijuan,' translated as 'involution,' has gained popularity as a descriptor for feelings of burnout and futility. Originally used in academic circles, the term has become widespread in China, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, to describe the relentless competition and pressure faced by students, workers, and parents. The term has now entered official discourse, with Chinese policymakers addressing 'spiraling involution' in the economy, highlighting issues of overcapacity and unproductive competition.