Amazon Rainforest Experiences Rapid Increase in Climate Extremes, New Region of Concern Identified
The Amazon rainforest is undergoing a rapid increase in climate extremes, with a new region in the central-northern Amazon identified as experiencing the greatest rates of increase in extreme temperature and vapor-pressure deficit (VPD). While the southern Amazon has been recognized as the fastest-warming region on average, this central-northern area, rich in forest cover, native savannas, and indigenous territories, is now showing alarming rates of change in extreme conditions. Over the past 43 years (1981-2023), the 95th percentile of mean temperatures in the Amazon increased by at least 0.30 °C per decade, totaling 1.29 °C. During the driest periods, the maximum temperature at the 95th percentile increased by 0.49 °C per decade, a 2.11 °C rise over 43 years, which is 2.34 times higher than the annual mean central trend. VPD also saw significant increases, with the 95th percentiles rising about one-third higher than the central trend. These changes are driving significant reductions in maximum cumulative...