Cybersecurity Threats Emerge as Critical Concern for Digital Food Systems
The digitalization of food systems, encompassing production, processing, distribution, and monitoring, is increasingly facing cybersecurity threats. A systematic review of literature from 2015 onwards, published in 2026, highlights that these threats are not only impacting operational continuity but also food safety. Interconnected sensors, automation systems, data platforms, traceability tools, and networked infrastructures, which are crucial for food safety functions like monitoring, process control, documentation, and data integrity, are vulnerable. The review identifies integrity-related and access-oriented threats, such as data manipulation, false data injection, tampering, unauthorized access, and system takeover, as frequently represented in the literature. These threats are associated with smart farming systems, IoT devices, communication networks, cloud platforms, and industrial control systems. Recurring pathways for these attacks include process parameter manipulation, monitoring failures, trace...