Horn of Africa Faces Escalating Geopolitical Tensions Amidst Internal Conflicts and External Proxy Wars
The Horn of Africa is experiencing a period of intense geopolitical instability, characterized by internal conflicts, proxy competitions, and disputes over strategic resources and access. Djibouti continues its role as a major logistical hub, hosting military bases from several global powers including the U.S., France, China, and Japan, while navigating regional tensions and disruptions to global shipping lanes. Ethiopia is grappling with complex internal conflicts involving various armed groups, yet simultaneously asserts its ambition for sea access, which has intensified its dispute with Egypt over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). In response, Cairo has strengthened diplomatic and security ties with Somalia, Sudan, and Eritrea. Somalia, despite possessing Africa's longest mainland coastline and potential for a 'blue economy,' is hindered by internal political fragmentation and disputes over electoral systems, leaving large parts of the country beyond federal government control and vulnerable t...