South Africa Reports Increase in Diphtheria Cases, Prompting Public Health Response
Between December 29, 2025, and November 1, 2026, South Africa has identified 47 confirmed cases of respiratory diphtheria and 11 asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic C. diphtheriae. The majority of these confirmed cases, 77% (36/47), were reported in the Western Cape, followed by Limpopo with 11% (5/47) and Gauteng with 13% (6/47). Recent updates indicate three new laboratory-confirmed cases of toxigenic diphtheria and one new asymptomatic carrier in Gauteng. Public health responses have been initiated for all suspected and confirmed cases. Respiratory diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable illness caused by toxigenic C. diphtheriae, which can affect individuals of all ages. Clinical symptoms include sore throat, low-grade fever, an adherent grayish-white membrane in the nose, pharynx, tonsils, or larynx, and/or enlarged glands in the neck (bull neck). Toxin-mediated systemic signs such as myocarditis, polyneuropathy, and renal damage can also occur.