China's Shijian-31 Satellite Utilizes Unique Orbit for GEO Surveillance
China has launched the Shijian-31 satellite, which is operating in a unique orbit that provides a distinct vantage point over the geostationary belt. Launched on June 16, 2026, from the Xichang spaceport, Shijian-31 is in a Molniya orbit, a type of orbit traditionally used for high-latitude communications and missile early warning. However, Shijian-31's orbit is adjusted to allow it to sweep the entire geostationary orbit (GEO) belt around Earth approximately every 23 days. This orbit enables the satellite to monitor satellites in GEO, which is situated about 35,786 kilometers above the equator. The satellite's orbit shifts approximately 15.7 degrees in longitude with each pass, providing a comprehensive view of the GEO belt. The mission is described as a 'space environment detection' mission, but its unique orbit suggests additional capabilities, potentially for space situational awareness.