Space Debris Threatens Vital Climate Satellites, Increasing Risks and Costs
Space debris is increasingly jeopardizing the functionality of critical climate observation satellites, including NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) fleet. The EOS satellites—Aqua, Terra, and Aura—have collectively performed at least 32 evasive maneuvers since 2005 to avoid collisions with orbital debris. These maneuvers consume precious fuel and can lead to data corruption, impacting the accuracy of climate research. Aqua, which has been operational for 24 years, has contributed significantly to climate science, including tracking wildfires, mapping deforestation, and studying oceanic changes. However, the satellite is nearing the end of its life, with limited fuel remaining to avoid debris. The growing volume of space debris, which has increased by 180% since 2005, poses a rising threat to satellites in low Earth orbit, where most climate observation satellites operate. NASA and other agencies are grappling with the challenge of maintaining satellite functionality amidst this escalating hazard.