Scientists Identify Hydraulic Jump as Cause of Venus's 3,700-Mile Acid Cloud Formation
Scientists have discovered the mechanism behind a massive 3,700-mile-long bank of sulfuric acid clouds on Venus, which has been a mystery for decades. The phenomenon, identified by a team led by Takeshi Imamura, is attributed to a fluid-dynamics process known as a hydraulic jump. This process, commonly observed when water spreads in a kitchen sink, occurs on a planetary scale on Venus. The clouds, moving at approximately 328 kilometers per hour, were first observed by JAXA's Akatsuki orbiter. The hydraulic jump is triggered by a Kelvin wave, which causes sulfuric acid vapor to rise and condense into the dense cloud bank. This discovery fills a gap in the global circulation models used to simulate Venus's atmosphere, which previously did not account for this phenomenon.