European Council on Foreign Relations Reports on Russian Mafia's Global Influence and Hybrid Warfare
The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) has published reports detailing the evolution of the Russian mafia, known as 'Vory v Zakone' or 'Bratva,' from its origins in the Tsarist Empire and Soviet Gulags to its current role as a tool of global influence, sanctions evasion, and a 'ghost economy.' These reports, including 'Russia’s Hybrid Warfare and Criminal Networks' (2017) and more recent analyses from 2023, highlight the mafia's involvement with the communist regime, its economic impacts in the USSR and the Putin era, and its connections to the government, cybercrime, and geopolitics. The ECFR's findings are part of a broader body of research that includes works from the CIA, New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy, and the Jamestown Foundation, all contributing to an understanding of how Russian organized crime has expanded globally and its role in hybrid warfare.