Stanford Medicine Study Identifies Three Brain Biotypes for ADHD and Anxiety in Children Using AI
A Stanford Medicine-led study has identified three distinct brain biotypes in children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorder, or both. Published in Nature Mental Health, the research utilized an AI-powered model to analyze functional MRI scans from thousands of participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The team, including co-senior author Yu Zhang, lead author Yong Jiao, and senior author Jing Jiang, found that these biotypes do not align perfectly with traditional symptom-based diagnoses. Instead, they are characterized by specific patterns of functional connectivity in the brain, revealing two brain-behavior dimensions: cognitive-behavioral dysfunction and emotion-attention dysfunction. These dimensions combine to form three biotypes: externalizing-disinhibited, internalizing-distressed, and mixed. The externalizing-disinhibited type is linked to hostility, defiance, impulsivity, aggression, and rule-breaking, more common in ADHD. The int...