NASA Marks 15 Years Since Final Space Shuttle Mission, Reflects on Future of U.S. Crewed Spaceflight
This week marks the 15th anniversary of the final mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program, with Space Shuttle Atlantis landing at Kennedy Space Center on July 21, 2011. The mission, designated STS-135, was initially planned as a contingency Launch On Need mission for the previous STS-134 flight. However, it became the program's concluding mission due to decisions by lawmakers and NASA managers. The crew, led by Commander Christopher Ferguson, included pilot Douglas Hurley and mission specialists Sandra Magnus and Rex Walheim. The end of the Space Shuttle program left the U.S. reliant on Russian Soyuz capsules for transporting astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) until the advent of NASA's Commercial Crew Program. SpaceX and Boeing were contracted to restore U.S. launch capabilities, with SpaceX achieving its first crewed mission in 2020 and Boeing facing delays with its Starliner capsule.