University of Rochester Researchers Discover Dual Role of cGAS Protein in Aging and Inflammation
Researchers at the University of Rochester have uncovered a complex role for the protein cGAS in the aging process and chronic inflammation. Initially, scientists believed that inhibiting cGAS, known for triggering inflammation when detecting misplaced DNA in the cytoplasm, would be beneficial in slowing aging. However, experiments with mouse models revealed the opposite: removing cGAS led to accelerated aging, increased frailty, and heightened inflammation, ultimately shortening lifespans. The study, published in Nature Aging, indicates that cGAS performs two seemingly contradictory functions. While it acts as an alarm system for misplaced DNA in the cytoplasm, activating the inflammatory STING pathway, it also plays a crucial role within the cell's nucleus. Inside the nucleus, cGAS helps maintain chromatin, which keeps certain genetic elements, specifically LINE1s, suppressed. Without cGAS, these LINE1s become more active, leading to more LINE1-derived DNA entering the cytoplasm and triggering an inflamm...