Federal Law Enforcement Lacks Transparency in Commercial Data Purchases, Raising Fourth Amendment Concerns
Federal law enforcement agencies, including the FBI and components of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), have not provided public transparency regarding their acquisition and use of commercial data from data brokers. This stands in stark contrast to the U.S. intelligence community, which has published frameworks and reports on its commercial data practices. While the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) released its first report in September 2026 detailing how the intelligence community acquires and uses commercial data, federal law enforcement has offered little to no comparable information. This lack of disclosure extends to the types of data purchased, the volume of personally identifiable information, data pertaining to U.S. citizens, and how this data is utilized. Previous reports, such as a September 2023 DHS inspector general report, have highlighted significant issues with DHS agencies' commercial data purchases, including failures to adhere to privacy policies and a lack ...