Smart Biomaterials Enhance Cardiac Repair Through Precision Interventions
Recent advancements in cardiac repair and regenerative therapy have focused on the use of smart biomaterials that allow for spatiotemporally programmed therapeutic behavior. These materials are designed to be delivered and retained within the injured heart, enhancing myocardial exposure and safety. Various delivery formats, such as systemic nanocarriers, injectable depots, and structured platforms, have been developed to translate material intelligence into effective cardiac engagement. Nanoparticles, particularly polymeric and lipid-based ones, are highlighted for their versatility in cardiac repair, offering scalable manufacture and compatibility with minimally invasive administration. These nanoparticles enable vascular transport, tissue penetration, and intracellular delivery, making them primary vehicles for deploying biomaterials within the injured heart. Additionally, cardiac patches and microneedle platforms provide durable, spatially confined therapeutic exposure by establishing direct physical co...