Review Highlights Climate Stress, Water Scarcity, and Conflict as Key Drivers of Global Food Insecurity
A comprehensive systematic review, synthesizing 25 years of research, reveals that global food insecurity is not solely an issue of agricultural production but is profoundly shaped by the interconnected impacts of climate change, water scarcity, and political conflict. The study, which evaluated 70 peer-reviewed investigations, emphasizes that isolated policy responses often fail because disruptions in one sector cascade into others, transforming localized resource pressures into persistent regional food crises. Food security, defined by the 1996 World Food Summit, encompasses four dimensions: availability, access, stability, and utilization. The review found that despite substantial increases in global agricultural output, persistent hunger and malnutrition remain, indicating that food security fundamentally depends on distribution, equitable governance, purchasing power, and stable supply networks. Climate change acts as a primary systemic threat, degrading agricultural output through rising temperatures...