Nanotechnology Advances COVID-19 Vaccine Delivery with Lipid Nanoparticles
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of vaccines, with nanotechnology playing a crucial role in enhancing vaccine delivery systems. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been instrumental in addressing challenges associated with traditional vaccine approaches, such as immunogenicity and stability. These nanoparticles have become the backbone of mRNA vaccines like Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, improving vaccine stability, enabling precise cellular delivery, and reducing side effects. The chapter discusses the transformative role of nanotechnology in vaccine delivery, focusing on mRNA, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines. Innovations in thermostable formulations, mucosal delivery systems, and AI-driven vaccine design are paving the way for more accessible and effective immunization strategies.