Energy Transition Faces Challenges from Water Scarcity and Human Rights Concerns
The global energy transition is encountering significant challenges due to water scarcity and human rights issues, according to recent studies. The extraction of critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and copper, essential for renewable energy technologies, is increasingly concentrated in arid regions, leading to severe water stress. The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) reports that nearly two-thirds of mining operations face high water risk, which could constrain the energy transition. Additionally, the Business and Human Rights Centre (BHRC) highlights a surge in human rights abuse allegations linked to mineral extraction, with a 73% increase in 2025. These issues are particularly acute in regions like Africa and South America, where mining activities are linked to significant human rights concerns.