Maritime Disruptions Increase Global Trade Costs, Impacting Consumers
Disruptions in major maritime routes, including the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, are driving up shipping and insurance costs, affecting global trade. Security tensions have led to delays and longer routes, increasing operational costs. In the Black Sea, attacks by Russia and Ukraine have heightened risks, reducing port capacity and impacting grain exports. The Red Sea has seen disruptions due to Houthi attacks, while the Strait of Hormuz faces reduced traffic amid geopolitical tensions. These disruptions are affecting energy and commodity flows, with significant implications for global markets. 
