Metabolic Syndrome: A Pre-Morbid Condition with Significant Health Risks in the U.S.
Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of five linked measurements, significantly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In the United States, an estimated 34.7% of adults had metabolic syndrome between 2011 and 2016, with this figure rising to 48.6% for those aged 60 and over. More recent data from 2017 to 2018 indicates that 41.8% of U.S. adults meet the criteria for the syndrome. The five key measurements include waist circumference (40 inches or more in men, 35 inches or more in women), triglycerides (150 mg/dL or more), HDL cholesterol (below 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women), blood pressure (130 mm Hg systolic or more, or 85 mm Hg diastolic or more), and fasting glucose (100 mg/dL or more). A diagnosis is made when at least three of these criteria are met. The underlying causes are primarily abdominal fat and insulin resistance, where visceral fat releases fatty acids and inflammatory signals, making cells less responsive to insulin.