Bioterrorism Preparedness Faces New Challenges Amidst Biotechnology Advancements
Bioterrorism preparedness is a growing concern due to rapid advancements in biotechnology, including synthetic biology, genetic engineering, AI, and laboratory automation. These technologies offer significant benefits for medicine and agriculture but also expand the potential for misuse. Unlike conventional terrorism, a biological attack might initially appear as a natural disease outbreak, delaying recognition and response. Historical incidents, such as the 2001 U.S. anthrax letter attacks, demonstrated that even limited biological incidents can trigger substantial public health, political, and psychological responses. The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) serves as the core international prohibition against biological weapons, but it was designed for a slower research environment. The distributed nature of modern biotechnology and uneven reporting of Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) highlight the need for stronger transparency, national contact points, scientific input, and capacity-building in...