Supreme Court Decisions Shaped U.S. History Through One-Vote Margins
Throughout U.S. history, numerous pivotal Supreme Court cases have been decided by a single vote, fundamentally altering the nation's trajectory. These 5-4 rulings have impacted civil rights, labor laws, press freedom, and presidential elections. For instance, the 1873 Slaughter-House Cases, by a 5-4 margin, narrowly interpreted the 14th Amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause, preventing it from becoming a broad civil rights protection. A different outcome could have provided a stronger federal shield for individual rights and potentially prevented the rise of Jim Crow laws. Similarly, in 1905, Lochner v. New York struck down maximum-hour labor laws, entrenching 'liberty of contract' and delaying the acceleration of worker protection laws and the regulatory state. The 1931 case Near v. Minnesota, also decided 5-4, established strong protections against prior restraint, safeguarding press freedom. A different vote could have allowed government censorship of newspapers, significantly altering the landsc...