Ukraine's Ministry of Defence Develops Green Paper on International Law for Cyber Operations Amidst Multidomain Warfare
Ukraine's Ministry of Defence (MoDU) has developed an internal Green Paper on the application of international law to cyber operations, drawing on the Tallinn Manual 2.0 and published national positions. This initiative aims to provide a single, coherent reference point for Ukrainian detachments on how sovereignty, non-intervention, international humanitarian law (IHL), international criminal law, and human rights law apply to cyber activity. The development comes in response to the realities of multidomain operations (MDO), where modern militaries fight across cyber, land, sea, and air simultaneously, often through civilian-owned networks. The Green Paper addresses the legal complexities arising from incidents like the Viasat KA-SAT hack and the October 2022 grid attack, which demonstrated the integrated nature of cyber and kinetic operations. It also tackles the challenging question of defining a 'cyber attack' under Additional Protocol I, adopting a middle position that considers injury, death, physical... 
