Russia Deploys ZAK-30 Citadel Anti-Aircraft System to Protect Oil Refineries from Ukrainian Drones
Russia has introduced the ZAK-30 Citadel anti-aircraft system, developed by the Russian State Corporation Rostec, to safeguard its oil refineries from Ukrainian drone attacks. The system is designed to counter both quadcopters and fixed-wing UAVs, which have been used by Ukraine to target Russian infrastructure. Equipped with a 30-mm cannon capable of firing airburst rounds, the ZAK-30 is highly automated, with radar and electro-optical targeting systems. However, these systems are not visible in current images, suggesting reliance on external guidance. The system's effective range is 1.2 km, and it costs between 3.48 and 7.21 million euros per unit. The deployment of this system is seen as a response to the threat posed by Ukrainian long-range drones. 
