ISIS Shifts to Decentralized Model, Remains Active Globally Through Affiliates
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has undergone a significant transformation since its territorial peak in 2014, evolving into a decentralized organization with autonomous provinces and a strong online propaganda presence. After losing its core territories in Iraq and Syria by 2019 due to sustained military campaigns, ISIS has expanded its operations into various regions, including Africa, the Caucasus, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. This expansion is facilitated through local pledges of allegiance, recruitment of existing militants, and directed external operations. In South Asia, particularly Pakistan, the Islamic State Pakistan Province (ISPP) has emerged as a significant threat, carrying out numerous attacks, including suicide bombings and targeted killings. The ISPP, formed in May 2019, has conducted approximately 100 attacks, with over two-thirds occurring in Balochistan, and has also targeted urban centers like Islamabad. These attacks often focus on sectarian polarization and political vi...