Avian Diversity Unveiled
An extensive bird survey, held between March 13th and 15th, meticulously documented 156 distinct bird species within the elevated 'sky island' regions
of Wayanad. This ambitious undertaking, involving approximately 55 passionate birdwatchers, explored diverse ecological zones situated above 1,200 meters, encompassing lush forests, open grasslands, and the unique shola ecosystems. The survey, a vital component of the Kerala Bird Atlas programme initiated in 2018, was a collaborative effort by the North Wayanad Forest Division, South Wayanad Forest Division, and the Hume Centre for Wildlife Biology. Their objective was to comprehensively assess the avian populations thriving in these geographically isolated, climate-distinct mountain landscapes that are characteristic of Wayanad's prominent mountain ranges like Camel’s Hump, Banasura, Kurichyarmala, and Brahmagiri.
Notable Sightings & Endemics
The survey yielded a remarkable array of avian encounters, with particular excitement surrounding the sighting of eight threatened species and twenty species endemic to the Western Ghats. Notably, the Himalayan Buzzard, a raptor usually inhabiting the northern Indian Himalayas, was observed, marking only its second documented appearance in Kerala. Other significant records included the Malayan Night Heron, Sri Lanka Frogmouth, Common Grasshopper Warbler, Black Baza, and the majestic Great Hornbill. This enumeration not only underscores the ecological richness of Wayanad's sky islands but also provides crucial data for conservation efforts for species facing various degrees of vulnerability.
Focus on Endangered Species
A significant highlight of the survey was the confirmation of a robust population of the Banasura Chilappan (Banasura Laughingthrush), the district bird of Wayanad, which is exclusively found in its sky islands. This species, unfortunately, is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Further deepening the understanding of its presence, the Banasura Chilappan was spotted in shola habitats above 1,800 meters. This bird's global distribution is incredibly restricted, confined to just three mountain ranges within Wayanad, covering an area less than 50 square kilometers, with an estimated remaining population below 2,500 individuals. The survey's findings also reaffirmed the presence of other vital Western Ghats endemics like the Nilgiri Sholakili, Black-and-orange Flycatcher, Nilgiri Flycatcher, Wayanad Laughingthrush, and Nilgiri Woodpigeon.
Conservation Imperative
In light of the critical conservation status and limited habitat of the Banasura Chilappan, a strong call was made to elevate the Camel’s Hump mountain range to national park status. C.K. Vishnudas, director of the Hume Centre for Ecology and the survey's coordinator, emphasized that such a designation is crucial for safeguarding the remaining habitat of this rare bird. The survey, inaugurated by Ajith K. Raman, DFO of the South Wayanad Forest Division, not only contributed 12 new species records not observed in prior surveys but also provided compelling evidence for the urgent need for enhanced protection measures for these unique and biodiverse sky island ecosystems.
