Do Green Firecrackers Actually Reduce Pollution and Health Risks?

The Supreme Court has allowed the bursting of green crackers in Delhi and the National Capital Region for Diwali between October 18 and 21. The top court’s order says firecrackers will be permitted from

6 am to 8 am and again from 8 pm to 10 pm, emphasising the need for a balanced approach, permitting celebrations in moderation without compromising the environment. But are these crackers really designed to protect you from the harmful ill-effects of smoke and pollution? Even though it is a known fact that green fireworks emit less smoke and noise, according to experts, their health impact remains far from benign – especially in already highly polluted areas like Delhi, which has imposed GRAP-1 anti-pollution curbs due to a dip in AQI. Developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), green crackers emit 30–40 per cent less particulate matter and limit noise levels below 120 decibels. They also replace some of the most harmful metals, like barium, with safer alternatives and use improved chemical formulations. But the doctors are skeptical, saying the reality is different, as the entire NCR region is so heavily polluted already that green crackers would hardly make any difference. Those battling lung and breathing issues like asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD, or heart issues are at the highest risk during this time, as their symptoms of chest tightness, cough, or breathlessness would flare up.

Threat to your lungs

According to studies, green crackers release large volumes of ultrafine particles, which are smaller than 100 nanometres and capable of penetrating deep into the lungs and even your blood. Also, they are not devoid of metals and chemicals that irritate your airways and worsen breathing issues, and so, you need to be very careful if you have co-morbidities. During the festival time, especially around Diwali, there is always a surge in the number of patients who suffer from chest pain, palpitations, and extreme wheezing. And so, short bursts of high pollution around Diwali – when the weather is changing - can be extremely dangerous for those battling respiratory diseases.

Noise pollution remains high

Even though they are lower than traditional crackers, noise levels in green crackers exceed acceptable limits for residential areas, with prolonged exposure to over 120 dB posing a risk of immediate hearing damage.

Ways to battle lung and respiratory issues during Diwali

According to experts, to successfully battle lung issues during Diwali, it is imperative that you prioritize staying indoors during peak pollution hours, use N95 masks when you must go out, and keep windows and doors closed. Whenever indoors, make sure to use air purifiers, stay hydrated, and eat antioxidant-rich foods to mitigate the risks by strengthening your immune system. Also, doctors say you can manage your symptoms by carrying prescribed inhalers and consulting a doctor if conditions worsen.