Cancer screening is not a one-time test; it is a continuous process that involves simple, timely assessments which can spot changes in the body before they become life-threatening, allowing individuals
time to act. The crucial question for caregivers is not just what to look for, but also when to look. Knowing which tests are relevant at 25, 35, and 45 years of age, how often they should be done, and what lifestyle adjustments can minimize risk can make early detection life-saving.
Dr Shekar Patil, Head and Director, Department of Medical Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bangalore, shares all you need to know.
Cancer and age groups: What is different in India
Cancer risk, and the types of cancers most likely to occur, are significantly influenced by age. India’s cancer trends are different from those of many Western countries. Some malignancies, especially breast cancer, are frequently detected at younger ages. Because of this, national screening programs focus on cancers that are prevalent and can be detected through facility-based and community-based screening. India’s national framework advises screening for breast, cervical, and oral cancers starting at specific target age groups.
Awareness, immunization, and habit checks at the age of 25
At 25, the focus should be on awareness and prevention. Women should discuss HPV vaccination, testing alternatives, and cervical cancer prevention with their physicians. Any family history of colorectal, ovarian, or breast cancer should be disclosed, as this may affect when screening should begin. Understanding symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures is crucial. Individuals with a family history may be advised to undergo earlier or more frequent tests.
At 35: Opportunistic checks and closer attention
By the mid-30s, efforts should move towards opportunistic screening. Community or government-run camps offer breast and cervical cancer screening and should be actively utilized. Lifestyle factors such as diet, chronic illnesses, alcohol intake, tobacco use, and obesity need to be addressed. Oral cancer screening is especially crucial for tobacco users. Caregivers play an essential role in ensuring that any abnormal findings are properly followed up.
At 45: Routine screening and organized checks
According to several guidelines, regular cancer screening should begin around the age of 45. This includes breast and cervical cancers, as well as colorectal cancer, which is becoming more common among younger individuals. Organized screening procedures like mammography, HPV testing, or visual inspection become more relevant at this stage, depending on access and available resources.
How caregivers can decide: Practical measures
Caregivers should start by gathering health information, such as tobacco use, family history of cancer, unexplained symptoms, and past screening findings. Public screening programs under the national framework provide free or low-cost screening for breast, cervical, and oral cancers in many regions. Attending these camps is important, and referrals must be made in response to any abnormal results. It is equally crucial to inquire about HPV vaccination for teenage girls and stay informed about state-run immunization campaigns. When in doubt, consulting a general practitioner or community health physician can help determine whether to begin with basic tests or proceed to specialized examinations to assess risk.
Common misconceptions
Many people believe that cancer screening is painful, although most community-based tests are quick and minimally intrusive. Another prevalent misconception is that cancer only affects the elderly. Early awareness and attention to family history are crucial, as many cases in India occur at younger ages.
Timely action and smart screening can create a significant impact. The most effective approach for caregivers is to start the conversation early and keep it relevant. Knowing family history, utilizing available public screening programs, and ensuring timely follow-up can make a major difference in outcomes.
