Heart failure is an increasing global health concern, affecting an estimated 64 million people worldwide. In India, nearly 1% of the adult population is living with heart failure, with cases rising particularly
among the elderly and those with pre-existing heart disease.
Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body’s needs. This results in symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. Although heart failure is a chronic condition, early diagnosis, appropriate medical treatment, and consistent self-management can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of hospitalizations.
Dr Sharad Tandon, Director, Clinical & Preventive Cardiology, Cardiac Care, Medanta, Gurugram, shares all you need to know:
Who Is at Risk?
Individuals with existing heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or heart valve disorders, are at higher risk of developing heart failure. Additional risk factors include diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking.
It is important to note that even individuals without a formal diagnosis of heart disease should adopt preventive measures, as heart failure can develop gradually over time without obvious symptoms.
What Happens After Diagnosis?
A heart failure diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but it does not mean life must come to a halt. With appropriate medical care and lifestyle modifications, many people with heart failure are able to manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.
Education and active engagement in managing the condition are essential steps toward controlling symptoms, slowing disease progression, and maintaining independence.
Enhancing Quality of Life
Managing heart failure effectively involves more than just medication. Patients who closely monitor their symptoms and follow recommended lifestyle changes often experience fewer episodes of symptom exacerbation and reduced need for emergency care.
Emotional well-being also plays a significant role. Maintaining social connections, managing stress, and staying mentally active can support both physical and psychological health.
Self-Management Strategies
Sodium Intake
Limiting sodium is essential to reduce fluid retention, which can cause swelling and breathing difficulties. Avoid processed foods, salty snacks, canned soups, and packaged meals. Reading food labels carefully can help monitor sodium intake.
Weight Monitoring
Weigh yourself daily at the same time, using the same scale. A sudden weight gain of two to three pounds in 24 hours may indicate fluid buildup and should be reported to a healthcare provider promptly.
Fluid Management
Patients with heart failure are often advised to restrict daily fluid intake, including all beverages and soups. Following your physician’s guidance on fluid limits is critical to avoid overloading the heart.
Nutrition
Diet plays a central role in heart failure management. A heart-healthy diet should include:
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Whole grains such as brown rice and oats
Lean protein sources including fish, legumes, and skinless poultry
Healthy fats like olive oil, nuts, and seeds
Foods that may worsen heart health include:
Processed meats (sausages, bacon, cold cuts)
Fried and fast food
White bread and refined carbohydrates
Full-fat dairy and butter
Sugar-sweetened beverages
Foods that support heart health include:
Leafy greens, berries, and bananas
Lentils, beans, and whole grains
Avocados, almonds, and flaxseeds
Making consistent dietary choices can reduce strain on the heart, support circulation, and lower inflammation.
Physical Activity
Engaging in light to moderate physical activity, such as walking or yoga, can improve circulation and physical strength. However, all exercise programs should be initiated only after consulting with a healthcare provider.
Recognizing Warning Signs
Timely medical attention is essential. Patients should contact their doctor immediately if they experience:
Sudden shortness of breath
Rapid weight gain
Chest pain or pressure
Unusual fatigue
Increased swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen
Although heart failure is a lifelong condition, it can be effectively managed with ongoing medical support and disciplined self-care. Regular monitoring, adherence to treatment, and healthy lifestyle choices are essential components of successful long-term management.
Early intervention and patient education empower individuals with heart failure to maintain a higher quality of life, reduce hospital visits, and live more independently. A proactive approach truly makes a measurable difference in the outcome of this chronic condition.
