“As a neurologist, I’ve seen a noticeable rise in patients reporting worsening migraines and chronic pain during heatwaves. This is not a coincidence, extreme heat places significant stress on the nervous
system, often amplifying underlying conditions,” says Dr Nilesh Chaudhary, Senior Consultant Neurologist, Dr. L. H. Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai.
Dr Chaudhary shares all you need to know:
Why Heatwaves Trigger Pain and Migraines
The brain is highly sensitive to changes in the body’s internal balance. Heat and dehydration can disrupt this equilibrium, making the brain more excitable. In migraine patients, this can activate pain pathways more easily. Heat also affects blood vessel dilation in the brain, a known factor in migraine onset. For individuals with chronic pain conditions, these stressors can lower the pain threshold, making discomfort more intense.
What Happens in the Body During Extreme Heat
When temperatures rise, the body prioritises cooling mechanisms such as sweating and increased blood flow to the skin. This process can lead to dehydration and the loss of essential electrolytes like sodium and potassium, which are critical for proper nerve signalling. When these levels drop, nerves may become hypersensitive or misfire, increasing pain perception. Additionally, heat stress can activate inflammatory pathways, further worsening pain.
Who Is Most at Risk
From a neurological perspective, individuals with migraine disorders, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, or multiple sclerosis are particularly vulnerable. Older adults face a higher risk due to reduced thermoregulation. Certain medications, especially those affecting fluid balance or brain chemistry can increase susceptibility. People with prolonged sun exposure or limited access to cool environments are also at greater risk.
Early Warning Signs to Watch For
Patients often notice early symptoms before a full flare-up. These include frequent headaches, fatigue, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, and muscle cramps. For migraine sufferers, early signs may involve visual disturbances, nausea, and increased sensitivity to light and sound.
Practical Steps to Prevent and Manage Symptoms
Prevention is key. Maintain consistent hydration, even before you feel thirsty, and include electrolyte-rich fluids when needed. Keep your surroundings cool using air conditioning, fans, or cool compresses. Plan outdoor activities during cooler hours and wear lightweight, breathable clothing. Prioritise regular sleep, balanced meals, and stress management, as these factors can intensify heat-related triggers. If you have a diagnosed neurological condition, consult your doctor about a heat management plan, including possible medication adjustments during hotter months.
With rising global temperatures, understanding the link between heat and the nervous system is crucial. Awareness and early action can help reduce the risk of painful flare-ups and protect overall well-being.
