Winter often exposes a familiar frustration for many women – icy fingers, cold toes, and an overall heightened sensitivity to low temperatures, even when others seem perfectly comfortable. While this experience
is commonly brushed off as subjective, medical experts confirm that the reason lies deep within female physiology. Hormones, metabolism, blood circulation, and even evolutionary biology all play a role in how women experience cold, especially in their hands and feet.
What Doctors Say About Cold Extremities
Dr. Suchismitha Rajamanya, Lead Consultant and Head of Internal Medicine at Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, says, “It is common for women to experience cold hands and feet, especially in winter, and this can be attributed to a range of hormonal, circulatory, and metabolic reasons.” She explains that women’s bodies are naturally designed to protect vital organs. “In cold temperatures, women’s bodies tend to direct their blood flow from hands and feet towards warming their internal organs.”
Dr. Pavithra Ramakrishnan, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Apollo Clinic, Chennai, echoes this. She notes, “Women often feel colder than men in winters due to several physiological and hormonal factors.” Together, these mechanisms explain why cold extremities are far more common in women.
Hormones And Blood Vessel Sensitivity
One of the biggest contributors is estrogen. Dr. Rajamanya explains, “Oestrogen affects blood vessel responses to temperatures. Blood vessels become more sensitive to cold temperatures and more liable to constrict.” This increased vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to the hands and feet, making them feel cold quickly.
This sensitivity also explains why Raynaud’s phenomenon – where fingers and toes turn white or blue in response to cold or stress- is significantly more common in women. Dr. Ramakrishnan adds that hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can further influence temperature regulation, altering how women perceive cold at different times of the month.
Metabolism, Muscle, And Heat Production
Another key difference lies in metabolic rate. Men typically have more muscle mass, which generates heat even at rest. Dr. Rajamanya notes, “Men’s basal metabolic activity is higher because they have more muscles.” Women, on the other hand, generally have a lower basal metabolic rate, meaning less internal heat production.
“Although women tend to have more body fat, this fatty component is responsible for keeping their internal organs warm, not their hands and feet,” she explains.
Circulation And Nutrient Deficiencies
Circulatory differences further compound the issue. Dr. Rajamanya highlights that women usually have lower average blood pressure and a slower rate of peripheral blood flow, which delays the arrival of warm blood to the extremities.
Dr. Ramakrishnan adds that anaemia, a common condition among women, can worsen symptoms. “Low red blood cell count or iron deficiency can limit oxygen delivery, leading to cold hands and feet.” Thyroid disorders, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications can also play a role.
When Cold Hands Are A Warning Sign
While cold hands and feet are often harmless, persistent symptoms should not be ignored. Dr. Rajamanya cautions that when experiencing pain, numbness, or changes in colour, it becomes necessary to see a physician.
Dr. Ramakrishnan lists conditions such as hypothyroidism, Raynaud’s phenomenon, peripheral artery disease, and autoimmune disorders as possible underlying causes.
Tracking basal body temperature can also offer insights into hormonal patterns, particularly for women experiencing extreme sensitivity to cold.
Cold hands and feet in winter are usually a reflection of how women’s bodies prioritise warmth and survival. Hormonal influence, metabolic differences, and circulation all work together to protect vital organs – often at the expense of extremities. While this is typically normal, persistent or painful symptoms warrant medical evaluation. Understanding the science behind the sensation helps women respond with awareness rather than worry, ensuring comfort and health through the colder months.
