Junk food may be convenient and tempting, but its long-term impact on children’s health is far from harmless. From poor nutrition and obesity to heart risks, high blood pressure, behavioral concerns, and even
dental problems, regular consumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to serious health consequences. Dr. Kushal Agrawal, HOD, Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, KVR Hospital, Kashipur, highlights the harmful effects parents and young people should be aware of.
1. Nutritional Quality of the Diet
Large studies and databases have observed that nearly half of the daily average dietary energy in children comes from ultra-processed foods. As the contribution of these foods increases, the dietary content of carbohydrates, free sugars, total fats, saturated fats, and sodium also rises. This directly counters the need for a balanced diet, which is essential for healthy growth.
2. Effect on Obesity and Overweight
Children who frequently consume fast foods have significantly higher BMI levels. Nearly 8 out of 12 studies have shown that higher consumption of soft drinks and sweetened beverages is associated with increased body fat.
3. Increased Risk of Cardio-Metabolic Disorders
There is a positive association between ultra-processed diets and cardio-metabolic effects in children. A study from Spain identified a link between a Western dietary pattern and higher concentrations of markers associated with increased cardio-metabolic risks. This includes a higher risk of elevated cholesterol and insulin resistance, ultimately leading to greater incidences of diabetes and heart disease, which may translate into heart attacks.
4. Rising Incidence of High Blood Pressure
Although some studies have shown inconsistent results, a study of more than 5,000 children in China found a definite association between Western dietary patterns and increased blood pressure levels.
5. Behavioral Symptoms
Evidence has shown that fast-food consumers are more prone to adverse psychological behaviors. A study in Norwegian adolescents revealed that higher junk food intake was linked to hyperactivity and attention disorders. Similarly, those with frequent snacking habits were more likely to display oppositional or conduct disorder symptoms.
Another study, conducted in over 14,000 children in China, found that Western eating habits including sugary beverages and meat-heavy patterns were significantly associated with a higher risk of psychological symptoms. It is theorized that unhealthy diets affect immunity and brain function through oxidative stress, inflammation, and stress response mechanisms.
6. Caffeinated Energy Drinks
Excessive consumption of caffeinated energy drinks, apart from adding excess calories, carries the most dangerous complication of cardiovascular toxicity. Globally, there has been a surge in emergency presentations due to complications from caffeine-containing energy drinks, especially among adolescents and young adults.
7. Dental Health
Studies have also shown a clear association between junk food consumption and increased dental caries.
