Rising action is a crucial segment within the structure of a dramatic or literary work, serving as the bridge between the initial setup and the story's peak. It typically illustrates the protagonist's efforts to tackle a problem that emerged from the first significant turning point. However, these attempts often lead the protagonist into increasingly difficult situations, building tension and complexity. This phase is recognized and analyzed in both
the three-act structure and Gustav Freytag's more detailed five-act structure, highlighting its universal importance in narrative development.
The Role of Rising Action in Narrative Structure
In the context of a three-act structure, the second act is often referred to as the "rising action." During this phase, the protagonist endeavors to resolve the initial problem, but frequently finds themselves in worsening circumstances. A key reason for their apparent inability to solve these issues is a lack of necessary skills to confront the antagonistic forces. This period is vital for character development, as protagonists must acquire new abilities and gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their capabilities to overcome their predicament. This process of learning and growth fundamentally changes who they are, a concept known as a character arc. Mentors and co-protagonists often play a significant role in aiding this development.
Gustav Freytag's five-act structure provides a more granular view, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and catastrophe. Within this model, the rising action begins immediately after the exposition, driven by what Freytag termed the "exciting force." This force propels the narrative forward, building interest and tension in one or more stages, all leading towards the story's point of greatest interest. These events are considered highly important because the entire plot's progression, leading to the climax and ultimately a satisfactory resolution, hinges upon them.
Character Development and Escalating Conflict
During the rising action, the protagonist's journey is marked by escalating challenges and internal transformation. As they face worsening situations, they are compelled to evolve, developing new skills and a heightened self-awareness. This character development is not merely incidental but is central to their ability to eventually confront and potentially overcome the story's central conflict. The struggles encountered during this phase are designed to reveal the protagonist's hidden weaknesses and, conversely, to necessitate the discovery of inner strengths.
Lajos Egri, in his 1946 book "The Art of Dramatic Writing," emphasized the importance of character in generating conflict and events. He argued that "rising conflict" is particularly effective at revealing character, as it forces individuals to react and adapt under pressure. This perspective underscores that the rising action is not just a series of events, but a crucible for the protagonist's growth. The increasing tension and complexity of the plot during this stage are directly linked to the protagonist's internal and external battles, making it a dynamic and essential part of any compelling narrative.
