Aaron Copland's "Appalachian Spring" is more than just a ballet; it is a vivid portrayal of American life and values, deeply rooted in its chosen setting and characters. Set in a small Appalachian settlement in 19th-century Pennsylvania, the work explores universal themes of love, community, and resilience against a backdrop of historical and cultural influences. The ballet's narrative, centered around a newly married couple, is enriched by the inclusion
of distinct character archetypes and the subtle integration of significant American traditions, making it a timeless piece of art.
Characters and Narrative Core
The ballet features four main characters who drive its narrative: the Bride, the Husbandman, the Pioneer Woman, and the Revivalist. The Revivalist is further accompanied by four Followers, adding to the community dynamic. The central story follows the Bride and the Husbandman as they embark on their married life, celebrating their union with the community. This focus on a domestic, yet profound, event allows for an exploration of personal and communal experiences within the frontier setting.
Beyond the immediate joy of the wedding, the ballet subtly introduces themes of war. It is suggested that the Husbandman leaves for war, which in turn causes worry and anxiety among the community. This element adds a layer of depth and realism to the narrative, reflecting the challenges and uncertainties faced by people in that era. The interplay between personal happiness and broader societal concerns is a key aspect of the ballet's emotional landscape.
Shaker Influences and American Identity
A significant cultural influence on "Appalachian Spring" comes from Shaker themes, particularly evident in the music. Copland famously incorporated a theme and variations on the common Shaker tune "Simple Gifts." This inclusion not only provides a memorable musical motif but also connects the ballet to a distinct American religious and cultural tradition known for its simplicity, communal living, and craftsmanship. The Shaker influence contributes to the ballet's overall sense of American identity and its celebration of a particular historical period.
Martha Graham, the choreographer, was instrumental in shaping the ballet's thematic content. Her interest in American history and culture, combined with Copland's developing Americana style, created a powerful synergy. Copland's earlier ballets, "Billy the Kid" and "Rodeo," also showcased his commitment to accessible musical characteristics that resonated with the general public. The collaborative revisions between Graham and Copland, though leading to cuts like the early idea of an Indian girl as a theatrical device, ultimately refined the ballet into a cohesive and deeply American artistic statement, earning it the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1945.
