The study of politics is a universal human endeavor, yet the way this field is named and organized can vary significantly across different regions and institutions. While "political science" is a widely recognized term, particularly in North America, other parts of the world and older institutions often use different designations like "government" or "political studies." These terminological differences, while seemingly minor, can reflect broader
approaches to the discipline. Alongside these naming conventions, professional organizations play a crucial role in unifying scholars, promoting research, and establishing the field's identity on both national and international stages.
Regional Variations in Naming the Discipline
The term "political science" gained particular popularity in post-1960s North America. This designation often implies a commitment to the scientific method, suggesting a systematic and empirical approach to understanding political phenomena. However, universities that predate the 1960s or those historically influenced by them might still refer to the field as "government." This older nomenclature often reflects a focus on institutions, legal texts, and the machinery of the state, rather than solely on political behavior.Outside of the United States, especially in other countries, the field is frequently seen as part of a broader discipline known as "political studies" or simply "politics." While "political science" suggests a more rigorous, scientific methodology, "political studies" implies a wider approach that might incorporate more philosophical, historical, or interpretive methods. It's important to note that the name of a degree course doesn't always perfectly reflect its content; a "political studies" program might still employ scientific methods, and a "political science" program might include philosophical inquiry. Nevertheless, these naming conventions highlight regional and historical preferences in how the discipline is conceptualized.
The Role of Professional Organizations
Professional organizations have been instrumental in shaping and promoting political science as a distinct academic field. The American Political Science Association (APSA), founded in 1903, stands as a prime example. It is the leading professional organization for the study of political science in the United States, serving over 11,000 members across more than 100 countries. APSA's establishment, along with its journal, the American Political Science Review (founded in 1906), was crucial in distinguishing the study of politics from economics and other social phenomena, helping to solidify political science's independent academic standing.On an international level, the International Political Science Association (IPSA) was founded in 1949 as part of a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) initiative. This global effort aimed to promote political science worldwide and led to the establishment of national associations in various countries, such as France in 1949, Britain in 1950, and West Germany in 1951. These organizations provide platforms for scholars to share research, collaborate, and advance the understanding of political processes globally. They also play a vital role in setting academic standards and fostering a sense of community among political scientists, regardless of their specific regional terminology or methodological preferences.
