In the United States, the study of the humanities forms a fundamental part of a broader educational philosophy known as the liberal arts. This approach aims to provide college students with a wide-ranging education that extends beyond their specific major or area of study. Disciplines such as literature, history, language, performing and visual arts, and philosophy are central to this curriculum, ensuring that students gain a comprehensive understanding
of human society and culture. This commitment to a well-rounded education has been championed by prominent figures like Mortimer J. Adler and E.D. Hirsch.
The Liberal Arts Framework and its Proponents
The concept of a liberal arts education, with the humanities at its core, is deeply ingrained in many American colleges and universities. This educational model emphasizes critical thinking, broad knowledge, and intellectual development, rather than solely vocational training. Students are encouraged to explore diverse fields, fostering a holistic understanding of the world and their place within it. The inclusion of humanities disciplines ensures exposure to different perspectives, historical contexts, and forms of human expression.
Mortimer J. Adler, a notable advocate for liberal arts, emphasized the importance of a common curriculum that exposes all students to foundational texts and ideas. Similarly, E.D. Hirsch has been a proponent of cultural literacy, arguing that a shared body of knowledge, much of which is derived from the humanities, is essential for effective communication and participation in society. Their work underscores the belief that the humanities provide crucial intellectual tools and a shared cultural foundation for American students.
National Support and Public Engagement
Beyond individual institutions, the United States government has also recognized the importance of the humanities. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act, which led to the creation of the National Council on the Humanities. This was followed by the funding of the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) in 1969. The NEH operates as an independent grant-making agency, dedicated to supporting various initiatives within the humanities.
The NEH's mission encompasses research, education, preservation, and public programs. These public programs, often referred to as "Public humanities," are designed to engage the general public in discussions about history, philosophy, and the arts. This engagement often takes the form of exhibitions, lectures, and performances, making scholarly work accessible to a wider audience. This governmental support highlights a national commitment to fostering an understanding and appreciation of the humanities across different segments of society.
Evolving Perceptions and Career Relevance
Despite their established role, the humanities have faced evolving perceptions, particularly concerning career prospects. Critics have sometimes questioned the practical utility of traditional humanities degrees in the modern American job market, where specialized study is often required. However, reports indicate a more nuanced reality. A 2021 report by the Humanities Indicators found that while unemployment rates for humanities majors were modestly higher and earnings somewhat lower than the average for college degree recipients, both were substantially better than for those without a college degree.
Crucially, the report also highlighted that humanities graduates reported similar levels of job and life satisfaction as graduates from other fields, with over 85% expressing satisfaction with their jobs. Furthermore, as of 2018, more than five million people in management and professional roles held bachelor's degrees in the humanities, a trend confirmed by a more recent study across almost every state. These findings suggest that while the humanities' share of undergraduate degrees has declined to less than 10 percent by 2020, their graduates continue to find meaningful employment and satisfaction, contributing significantly to the professional landscape.
