The physical spaces occupied by the Library Company of Philadelphia (LCP) throughout its history reflect its growth, evolving needs, and increasing prominence in American society. From its early, more modest accommodations to its purpose-built structures, the architecture housing the LCP's invaluable collections has played a significant role in its identity. These buildings were not merely shelters for books but symbols of intellectual aspiration
and community development, often reflecting the prevailing architectural styles and functional requirements of their respective eras.
Early Locations and Expansion
Initially, the Library Company's collections were housed in various rented spaces as it grew. Its early operations were likely in locations that could accommodate its burgeoning collection and provide space for its limited operating hours. As the library expanded and absorbed smaller lending libraries, it outgrew its initial rooms. This growth necessitated a move to larger premises, signaling its increasing importance and the expanding volume of its holdings.
In 1773, the Library Company rented a more substantial space on the second floor of the new Carpenters' Company hall. This move was a significant step, providing a more formal and spacious environment for its collections. Benjamin Franklin, then in London, was informed that "The Books (inclosed within Wire Lattices) are kept in one large Room, and in another handsome Apartment the [scientific] Apparatus is deposited and the Directors meet." This description highlights the organized and dedicated space the library now commanded, including a separate area for its scientific instruments, which were a notable part of its early collection.
Permanent Quarters and Architectural Design
The desire for a permanent and dedicated home culminated in 1789 with the purchase of a lot on Fifth Street near Chestnut, directly across from State House Square. This acquisition marked a pivotal moment, allowing the Library Company to commission its own building. A competition for the design was won by Dr. William Thornton, an amateur architect. His winning plan featured a Palladian red-brick structure, characterized by white pilasters and a pediment that interrupted a balustraded roof. A distinctive curving double flight of steps led up to the arched door, beneath an arched niche.
This niche housed a significant gift from William Bingham: a marble statue of Benjamin Franklin, depicted in a classical toga, sculpted in Italy by Francesco Lazzarini. The construction of this new building was a community effort, with members' shares extended to carpenters and bricklayers as partial payment for their work. The new quarters officially opened on New Year's Day, 1791, providing a grand and fitting home for the institution. For the new library, Samuel Jennings, an expatriate Philadelphian living in London, painted a large picture titled "Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences." The rapid growth of the collection, particularly with the transfer of the Loganian Library in 1792, quickly necessitated a new wing for Thornton's building, demonstrating the continuous expansion and success of the Library Company of Philadelphia.
