The Science of Self-Soothing
For dogs, the repetitive actions of licking and chewing are more than just ways to eat. These behaviors are instinctual and can act as self-soothing mechanisms. The repetitive motion of licking releases endorphins, which are natural 'feel-good' chemicals
in the brain that promote a sense of calm and reduce stress. Similarly, chewing provides a safe outlet for tension and can help a dog focus its mind, shifting from a state of high arousal to one of relaxation. Animal behaviorists often refer to licking, chewing, and sniffing as "decompression" activities because they allow a dog to regulate its own nervous system at its own pace.
When to Use a Licking or Chewing Activity
Transitional periods are prime opportunities to introduce a calming activity. These are moments when the environment or energy level shifts, which can be unsettling for a dog who thrives on routine. Consider offering a lick mat or a food-stuffed toy during events like: leaving your dog alone to ease separation anxiety, especially in the first 20 minutes; when guests arrive, to prevent frantic jumping and barking; during thunderstorms or fireworks to provide a distraction from frightening noises; as a cool-down activity after an exciting walk or playtime; and during grooming sessions like nail trims or brushing to create a positive association.
Choosing the Right Tools and Treats
There are many excellent tools designed to encourage safe licking and chewing. Textured silicone lick mats are perfect for spreading soft foods, while durable rubber toys can be stuffed with a variety of treats. When choosing what to put on a lick mat or inside a toy, opt for dog-safe, spreadable options. Plain, unsweetened yogurt, pumpkin puree, mashed banana, wet dog food, and xylitol-free peanut butter are popular choices. For a longer-lasting challenge that provides even more calming benefits, you can freeze the prepared mat or toy for 30 minutes before giving it to your dog.
How to Introduce the Activity
To ensure your dog understands the new activity and sees it as a positive experience, start simple. For the first few times, use an unfrozen mat or toy with a thin layer of a high-value treat like peanut butter. This allows your dog to "win" quickly and learn that interacting with the object is rewarding. Present it in a calm, quiet space without any pressure. As your dog becomes more engaged with the activity, you can gradually increase the difficulty by freezing the contents or using more complex food combinations. Always supervise your dog, especially at first, to ensure they are using the item safely and not becoming frustrated.
Safety is Paramount
While enrichment is beneficial, safety must always come first. Always choose toys and mats made from pet-safe, non-toxic materials. Supervise your dog to prevent them from chewing and ingesting pieces of a mat or toy, especially if you have an aggressive chewer. Be mindful of the foods you use. Some human foods, like anything containing the sweetener xylitol, are toxic to dogs. Also, remember that these treats contain calories. To prevent unwanted weight gain, consider using a portion of your dog's regular meal on the mat or adjusting their food intake accordingly.
