Know Your Area's Risk
The first step to safety is awareness. Mumbai has numerous landslide-prone areas, particularly where settlements have been built on or near steep slopes. According to surveys by the Geological Survey of India (GSI), areas like Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Kurla,
Bhandup, and Chembur contain many vulnerable spots. Civic authorities like the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) often issue notices to residents in these high-risk zones, urging them to relocate to temporary shelters, especially during periods of heavy rain. It is crucial to know if your home falls within one of these designated areas. Pay attention to official announcements and be aware that factors like slope cutting for construction and blocked drainage can increase the risk significantly.
Watch for Nature's Warning Signs
Landslides often provide warning signs before they occur. Being vigilant can give you precious time to evacuate. Look for changes around your property, such as new cracks appearing in plaster, tile, brick, or foundations. Doors and windows that stick or jam for the first time can indicate that the ground beneath is shifting. Outside, watch for tilting trees, telephone poles, or fences. Be alert to bulging ground at the base of a slope or the appearance of new springs or saturated ground in areas that are usually dry. Unusual sounds, such as a faint rumbling that gets louder, or the cracking of trees and knocking of boulders, can signal moving debris.
Prepare Your Household in Advance
Preparedness can make a critical difference during an emergency. Every household in a risk-prone area should have a plan. Assemble an emergency kit containing essentials like non-perishable food, water, a flashlight with extra batteries, a first-aid kit, and any necessary medications. Keep important documents in a waterproof bag that you can grab quickly. Discuss and practice an evacuation plan with your family. Identify the safest routes to higher ground and designate a meeting point. Ensure everyone knows who to contact in an emergency and keep a list of important phone numbers, including the local ward office and disaster management cell. The BMC often sets up temporary shelters; know where your nearest one is located.
Immediate Actions During a Landslide
If you suspect a landslide is happening or about to happen, your immediate priority is to get yourself and your family out of its path. Do not hesitate. Evacuate immediately to higher ground, away from the slope. If you are indoors and cannot escape, move to the upper level of the building and take shelter under a strong table or desk, away from windows and doors. If you are outdoors, run to the nearest high ground away from the slide's path. Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas as they can quickly fill with debris. If you are driving, do not attempt to cross a flowing stream of mud or water; turn around and find an alternate route.
After the Danger Has Passed
The danger is not over once the initial landslide stops. Stay away from the slide area, as secondary slides are a common occurrence. Listen to local authorities and wait for official clearance before returning to your home. When you do return, be extremely cautious. Check for any damage to your home's foundation and utility lines. Report broken utility lines to the appropriate authorities immediately. Landslides can also contaminate water sources, so listen for any advisories from your water company about boiling water before use. Check on your neighbours, especially those who may need assistance, such as the elderly or people with disabilities.
