Understanding the Danger
Mumbai's unique geography, with its coastal line and hilly areas, combined with intense monsoon rainfall, creates a high-risk environment for landslides. Unchecked construction, deforestation, and blocked drainage systems on slopes have made many areas, particularly
informal settlements, dangerously unstable. According to the Mumbai Climate Action Plan, hundreds of locations across the city are prone to landslides, with a large number concentrated in and around regions like Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Kurla, and Malabar Hill. Recent tragedies underscore the urgency; in August 2026, a landslide in Kurla claimed multiple lives, a grim reminder of the recurring danger. Authorities like the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) regularly issue warnings, but resident awareness and preparedness are the first line of defence.
Know the Warning Signs
Landslides often provide warning signs before they occur. Being able to recognize them can save lives. Stay vigilant, especially during and after heavy downpours. Look for changes in and around your property and neighbourhood. This includes new or expanding cracks in the ground, pavement, plaster, or foundations. Notice if doors or windows start to stick for the first time, or if outside walls and stairs begin to pull away from the main building. On the slope itself, be aware of tilting trees, fences, or utility poles. Another critical sign is a change in water flow; watch for new springs, seeps, or saturated patches of ground in areas that were previously dry. Unusual sounds, such as trees cracking, boulders knocking together, or a faint rumbling that grows louder, can signal moving debris and require immediate action.
Before the Rains Arrive
Long-term preparation is key to mitigating risk. If you live in a landslide-prone area, consider having your property assessed by a geotechnical expert to evaluate hazards and design corrective measures. Simple but effective actions include planting ground cover on slopes to prevent soil erosion and ensuring drainage channels are clear of debris to allow water to flow freely. It is also crucial to know your community's evacuation plan and the location of the nearest designated shelters. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) advises creating a household emergency plan and assembling a go-bag well before the monsoon begins. This ensures you are not scrambling for essentials during a crisis.
Create an Emergency 'Go-Bag'
An emergency kit is essential for any household in a high-risk zone. This bag should be light, portable, and contain everything you might need for at least 72 hours. Key items include drinking water and non-perishable food, a battery-powered torch and radio with extra batteries, and a first-aid kit with essential medications. Also, pack copies of important documents like identification, property records, and insurance papers in a waterproof bag. A whistle to signal for help, dust masks, and a mobile phone with a power bank are also vital. Having this kit ready allows you to evacuate quickly without having to search for crucial supplies.
What to Do During Heavy Rains
During periods of intense or prolonged rainfall, stay alert and awake; many landslide fatalities occur when people are sleeping. Monitor official alerts from the IMD and BMC through news channels or community warning systems. If you are advised to evacuate by authorities, do so immediately. Trusting official guidance is paramount, even if the danger isn't immediately obvious. If you are near a stream or channel, watch for any sudden increase or decrease in water flow or if the water changes from clear to muddy, as this can indicate upstream debris flow. Avoid driving on roads along embankments, which are particularly susceptible to collapse.
If a Landslide Is Happening
If you suspect a landslide is imminent or already occurring, your priority is to get to safety. Move away from its path as quickly as possible and find higher ground. If you are inside a building and escape is not possible, take cover under a sturdy piece of furniture like a heavy desk or table, and curl into a tight ball to protect your head. Do not go near the slide area after it has passed, as secondary slides are common. Once you are in a safe location, contact emergency services to report the incident and inform them of anyone who may be trapped.
