The Core of the Controversy
In mid-October 2026, the FSSAI released draft regulations proposing Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for two key pesticides used in tea cultivation: acetamiprid and imidacloprid. An MRL is the highest legally permitted concentration of a pesticide residue
in a food product. The proposal sets the limit at 20 parts per million (ppm) for acetamiprid and 50 ppm for imidacloprid. Previously, the absence of a specific MRL for these government-approved pesticides created a major problem. Testing labs would default to a 'zero tolerance' standard of 0.01 ppm, leading to the rejection of entire batches of green tea leaves if even trace amounts were detected. This regulatory grey area has been a source of crisis, particularly for small tea growers.
A Boost for Farm Yields
The tea industry, especially small growers' associations, has welcomed the proposed MRLs as a source of much-needed clarity. Pests can cause crop yield losses ranging from 5% to over 50%, making effective pest control essential for economic survival. The two pesticides in question, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, are seen as highly effective against major tea pests like tea mosquito bugs and aphids. By establishing clear, achievable limits, the new rules would allow farmers to use these approved chemicals responsibly without fearing that their entire crop will be rejected for containing minuscule, previously undefined residues. Supporters argue this move provides a scientific benchmark that balances pest management with safety, helping farmers protect their yields and income.
Unanswered Questions on Safety
While the industry seeks clarity, health advocates are raising concerns. The central question is whether these new, higher limits adequately protect consumers. Both acetamiprid and imidacloprid are neonicotinoid insecticides that act on the nervous system. High exposure can lead to symptoms like nausea and dizziness in humans. Critics point out that since tea is often consumed multiple times a day, it's crucial to assess the cumulative exposure and understand how much of these chemicals transfers from the leaf into the brewed drink. The FSSAI states the proposed limits were set based on scientific assessments and international practices, but the debate highlights the ongoing tension between agricultural needs and public health protection.
The Global Market Complication
India is a major tea exporter, and its global brand is built on quality. A significant challenge with the proposed norms is the divergence from standards in key international markets, particularly the European Union, which often enforces much stricter, near-zero MRLs for certain pesticides. While the FSSAI notes that its proposed limit for acetamiprid (20 ppm) is lower than in Japan (30 ppm) and the US (50 ppm), it may still be too high for European buyers. This creates a potential two-tiered market, where exporters must adhere to stricter foreign standards while domestic rules are more relaxed. Failure to align with global standards could risk multi-million-kilo export contracts and damage the premium image of Indian tea.
What Happens Next?
The proposed regulations are currently in a draft stage. The FSSAI has invited comments and suggestions from all stakeholders for a 60-day period, which is expected to end around mid-December 2026. This consultation phase is critical, as it will gather feedback from farmers, industry bodies, exporters, scientists, and consumer groups. After reviewing the submissions, the FSSAI will finalize the regulations. The final decision will need to navigate the delicate balance of providing farmers with clear guidelines, ensuring domestic consumers' safety, and maintaining the competitiveness of Indian tea in the stringent global market.
