New Delhi: Avalanches have become a serious concern in the Himalayan states of India. According to official data, an average of 132 avalanches occur every
year in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim.
The highest number of incidents is reported from Jammu and Kashmir, while Sikkim records the lowest average of just one avalanche annually.
661 avalanches were reported between 2020–21 and 2024–25
Between 2020–21 and 2024–25, around 661 avalanches were reported across these states. Jammu and Kashmir alone accounted for 500 incidents, making it the most vulnerable region. Himachal Pradesh reported 150 avalanches, while Uttarakhand recorded 10 major avalanches during this period.
DGRE plays a key role in avalanche forecasting
The Defence Geo-informatics Research Establishment (DGRE) plays a key role in avalanche forecasting. It operates 70 surface observatories and automatic weather stations in Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, and other locations. Personnel are also deployed to collect weather-related information. The data is sent to the DGRE center in Chandigarh, where forecasts are prepared using supercomputers and scientific models.
DGRE scientist Dr. Sudhanshu Shekhar explained that avalanche warnings are based on detailed analysis of snow and weather conditions. He noted that while official reports mention 661 avalanches in five years, the actual number could be higher due to underreporting.
J&K has the largest number of avalanche sites
Jammu and Kashmir also has the largest number of avalanche sites—around 1,000 identified locations. Himachal Pradesh has 200 sites, while Uttarakhand has 100 sites already marked. Studies of avalanche events have also begun in other northeastern states to understand risks in those regions.
Experts say that whether avalanches are increasing or decreasing depends on reporting and monitoring. However, one fact is clear: climate change is intensifying the danger. More snow is now falling in shorter periods of time, which increases the chances of avalanches. Sudden heavy snowfall creates unstable layers of snow on steep slopes, making them prone to collapse.
Climate change adding new challenges
Avalanches not only threaten soldiers and trekkers in high-altitude areas but also put local communities at risk. Roads, villages, and infrastructure in mountain regions are often cut off or damaged when avalanches strike.
Authorities emphasize the need for better preparedness, stronger forecasting systems, and awareness among people living in vulnerable zones. With climate change adding new challenges, experts believe that continuous monitoring and timely warnings are the only way to reduce risks and save lives.
