Chamoli: The Chipko Movement, one of India’s most iconic environmental struggles, marks its 52nd anniversary today. Originating in Raini village of Chamoli district,
the movement was led by Gaura Devi and other village women who risked their lives to protect forests from indiscriminate cutting.
In the 1970s, India did not have strong environmental laws. Forests were being cut down rapidly for commercial purposes, threatening the livelihood of villagers who depended on them for fuel, fodder, and water. Raini village, located in the Niti Valley of Chamoli, became the centre of resistance.
The Day of Protest
On March 26, 1973, workers from Simon & Co. arrived in Raini to fell 2,500 trees. The men of the village had gone to Chamoli tehsil to demand land compensation, leaving the women behind. When the workers advanced with saws and axes, the women, led by Gaura Devi, confronted them.
Ignoring their pleas, the workers continued. At that moment, Gaura Devi and her companions clung to the trees, declaring that they would sacrifice themselves before allowing the trees to be cut. Their courage forced the contractors to retreat. This act of hugging trees gave the movement its name—Chipko, meaning “to cling.”
Women’s Leadership
Gaura Devi’s leadership was crucial. Along with her friend Ukha Devi and granddaughters-in-law Juthi Devi, Tulsi Devi, and Uma Devi, she inspired a generation to see forests not just as resources but as life itself. Even today, these women say they retain the same passion to protect forests for future generations.
Legacy of the Movement
The Chipko Movement became a symbol of community-led environmental protection. It spread across Uttarakhand and other parts of India, influencing policies and inspiring stricter forest conservation laws. It showed how ordinary villagers, especially women, could stand against powerful contractors and protect nature.
Demand for Bharat Ratna
Today, there is a growing demand to honour Gaura Devi with a posthumous Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award. Sohan Singh Rana, president of the Gaura Devi Environment and Social Development Committee, and Pushkar Singh Rana, patron, have urged the government to recognize her contribution. They also pointed out that the memorial being built in Raini village remains stalled due to lack of funds.
Importance for Future Generations
Forests remain vital for Uttarakhand’s ecology, water security, and livelihoods. The Chipko Movement reminds us that protecting forests is not just about saving trees—it is about safeguarding communities, culture, and the environment. As climate change intensifies, the lessons of Chipko are more relevant than ever.
Fifty-two years later, the Chipko Movement continues to inspire environmental activism across India. Gaura Devi and the women of Raini showed that courage and unity can protect nature even in the toughest times. Their struggle remains a shining example of how grassroots movements can change history.
