What's Happening?
The Trump administration has signed the One Big Beautiful Bill, a budget reconciliation legislation set to take effect in the 2026-2027 academic year. This bill introduces significant changes to financial aid programs for higher education students, particularly affecting graduate financing. Key changes include the elimination of Graduate PLUS loans, which previously allowed students to borrow beyond unsubsidized amounts. Pell Grant eligibility has been expanded to include shorter-term, workforce-aligned programs, while Parent PLUS loans are capped at $20,000 per dependent student each academic year, with a lifetime maximum of $65,000. All borrowers face a $257,500 cap across all federal student loans. The bill also introduces new repayment options for federal student loan borrowers starting July 1, 2026, including the Standard Repayment Plan and the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP).
Why It's Important?
The changes in student loan and aid programs could have significant implications for students, particularly those pursuing graduate degrees. The elimination of Graduate PLUS loans may force students to rely on private loans, which often come with less favorable terms and immediate repayment requirements. This shift could increase the financial burden on students, especially those in expensive programs. Additionally, the move from need-based to merit-based aid could disadvantage students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, potentially limiting their access to higher education. The new repayment plans aim to provide more manageable payment options, but the phasing out of existing plans and deferments could create challenges for borrowers facing economic hardship.
What's Next?
As the changes take effect, educational institutions and students will need to adapt to the new financial aid landscape. Universities may seek to identify private loans with favorable terms to support their students. The shift towards merit-based aid may influence admission strategies, potentially prioritizing students from wealthier backgrounds. Students and financial aid offices will need to navigate the transition to new repayment plans by July 1, 2028, while addressing the elimination of deferments for unemployment and economic hardship.
Beyond the Headlines
The broader implications of these changes may include a shift in the demographic composition of student bodies, with potential impacts on diversity and inclusion in higher education. The emphasis on merit-based aid could exacerbate existing inequalities, as students from affluent backgrounds may have greater access to educational opportunities. Additionally, the financial strain on students could affect their career choices, potentially discouraging them from pursuing fields with lower earning potential.
