NEW YORK, Dec 16 (Reuters) - Argentina’s central bank announced adjustments to its foreign exchange framework that investors broadly view as a step toward restoring credibility and reopening a path to international capital markets.
Analysts say the measures address two long-standing investor concerns: the risk of peso overvaluation and the lack of a transparent, rules-based approach to rebuilding foreign exchange reserves. There is no official number for where net reserves currently sit, but those
are widely considered to be in the red.
Morgan Stanley’s sovereign strategy team said in a research note that the announcements “partially address key investor concerns” and “increase the probability of achieving market access in external bonds.”
Below is a breakdown of what is changing and how the measures support the government’s goal of rebuilding FX buffers and restoring access to international markets, which have long been closed, partly because of the country's pattern of debt defaults.
A WIDER BAND
Until now, the ceiling of the FX band imposed in April had been crawling at a 1% monthly pace that lagged inflation, leading the currency to strengthen on a relative basis. Morgan Stanley, in the same note, described the shift as “a much awaited adjustment,” noting that starting Jan. 1, 2026, the band will adjust in line with the latest available CPI data.
By indexing the band to actual inflation, the central bank reduces the likelihood that spot prices repeatedly push toward the weaker-peso end of the band, an outcome that could force the central bank to sell reserves to defend the currency.
For investors, this lowers the perceived risk that policy stress or sharp reserve losses could trigger abrupt changes to the FX framework, a situation which loomed in September as pressure on the peso intensified before the Trump administration rode to the rescue with a $20 billion currency swap line.
ACCUMULATION AS POLICY
The second pillar of the central bank’s move is the launch of a pre-announced foreign-exchange reserve accumulation program, designed to make reserve building more predictable and less disruptive to markets.
JPMorgan describes the initiative as part of an effort to create an “anti-fragile macro setup,” meaning a framework in which reserves rise organically as the economy stabilizes, rather than through one-offs.
In practical terms, the central bank is signaling that it will buy dollars in the market only when peso demand is rising and the FX market can absorb those purchases without excessive volatility.
Under the central bank's baseline scenario, demand for pesos is expected to recover gradually after years of high inflation and capital controls. The central bank expects the monetary base to increase from about 4.2% of GDP to 4.8% by the end of next year.
Analysts at JPMorgan estimated that this could involve roughly $10 billion in net FX purchases without generating inflationary pressure. If confidence and peso demand strengthen further, FX purchases could rise toward $17 billion, still without requiring aggressive liquidity withdrawal or disruptive intervention, they said.
The International Monetary Fund said earlier this month that policy support for a stronger accumulation of reserves was needed for Argentina's access to international capital markets.
For investors, the key takeaway is that reserve accumulation is no longer a policy choice, but a result of rising money demand within a controlled FX regime. This raises the likelihood that reserve gains prove durable, analysts said.
Importantly, the central bank has also specified how it intends to operate in a shallow FX market. JPMorgan highlights that daily purchases will initially be capped at around 5% of daily FX market volume, with scope for block purchases to preserve market stability.
The bank also noted that outside repurchase operations, volume had recently dropped from about $600 million to $200 million daily on average, meaning daily purchases would roughly land between $10 to $30 million.
There is no obligation embedded to make the purchases, or a target of accumulation.
Morgan Stanley called the design “a balancing act between investors’ and the IMF’s demands and the practical limitations in the Argentine FX market,” arguing that the changes bring Argentina closer to the conditions required for a return to international debt issuance without extraordinary support.
WHAT NEXT?
The test now is execution, both in keeping the currency broadly aligned with fundamentals and translating the framework into sustained reserve accumulation.
“We’ll be monitoring if these FX policy changes will be conducive to FX reserve accumulation goals that the authorities have set, as well as to the recovery of international capital market access, to assess whether this could result in (an) uplift in Argentina’s rating,” said Todd Martinez, co-head of the Americas for Fitch Ratings’ sovereigns group.
If the new central bank framework works as planned, it should strengthen Argentina’s investment case by reducing currency risks and make reserves more predictable. While execution risks remain, the central bank's moves could represent a meaningful step toward Argentina’s return to international capital markets.
(Reporting by Rodrigo Campos in New York; Editing by Christian Plumb and Nick Zieminski)
